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Anti Ds DNA (llF)

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Urine Complete Examination

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Blood Glucose FastingGlucose is the primary energy source for the body. Carbohydrates in the food are broken down into glucose, which is then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the cells for energy. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, regulates the blood glucose level in the body. A lack of insulin or its reduced effectiveness can result in high blood glucose levels.High blood glucose levels can be a sign of diabetes or prediabetes (a condition where a person has high blood glucose levels but not yet at a level that qualifies as diabetes). Early detection and treatment of diabetes are essential to prevent complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, and nerve damage. An FBS test, also known as glucose fasting test helps screen for prediabetes and diabetes and checks the effectiveness of medications or lifestyle changes for diagnosed people.Fasting for at least 8–12 hours is recommended before undergoing the FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar) test. Do not eat or drink anything other than water during the fasting period. It is also important to inform the doctor about any medicines being taken, as some may affect the blood glucose levels and need to be adjusted or temporarily discontinued before the test.FBS test result ranges may vary across the laboratories depending on the methodology and laboratory guidelines. Do not self-medicate. Always consult your doctor to understand your test results. The results will help them understand your condition, suggest lifestyle changes like diet and exercise, to decide if you need medication, and create a treatment plan.

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ANA - Anti Nuclear AntibodyAn Anti Nuclear Antibody, EIA test helps to detect the antibodies that specifically target components within the cell nucleus. The nucleus of the cell houses the genetic material and is central to cellular function, making antibodies against it particularly significant. This test is instrumental in identifying various autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Scleroderma, etc.While an Anti Nuclear Antibody, EIA test can't confirm a specific diagnosis, it serves to rule out certain diseases. A positive result prompts further testing for specific antinuclear antibodies, some of which may be associated with particular diseases. Most individuals may have a minor percentage of ANA in their blood but having too much of it can be a sign of an autoimmune disease.An Anti Nuclear Antibody, EIA test conducted through the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (EIA) method is one of the most sensitive screening tests for detecting even subtle levels of ANAs. This method uses enzymes to find the antibodies in the blood. It is a faster and more automated method.An Anti Nuclear Antibody, EIA test is typically suggested when a doctor suspects an autoimmune disorder due to symptoms such as joint pain, fatigue, skin rashes, or inflammation. Also, it may be advised if there are risk factors such as aging, obesity, and a family history of autoimmune diseases.Generally, no special preparations are needed for this test. However, it's advised to inform your doctor about any medications or supplements that you are taking, as certain medications may affect the test results. Additionally, telling a detailed medical history and discussing symptoms can help the doctor correlate the clinical and laboratory findings.The test results may vary depending on various factors like age, medical history, and certain risk factors among others. Abnormal test results require an expert interpretation; therefore, never try to self-medicate at home based solely on these results, and always consult a doctor for a proper understanding of the test results. The insights from this test help the doctor tailor an appropriate treatment plan.

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Bilirubin Total TestBilirubin is a byproduct of old, broken, or damaged red blood cells. When red blood cells complete their life cycle of 120 days in your body, they break down and move to the liver for processing. Your liver converts bilirubin and other waste products into a fluid called bile. This bile is passed out of your body through the intestines. Bilirubin is the pigment that gives bile its distinctive yellow color.You may need the Bilirubin Total test if you experience symptoms suggestive of liver problems, such as extreme fatigue, loss of appetite, belly pain, dark-colored urine, pale-colored stool, and the yellowing of the skin and eyes. This test also helps to monitor jaundice in newborns (neonatal jaundice) or check the blockage in the bile ducts that may be due to gallstones. Usually, no special preparation is required for this test; eat and drink as per your daily routine.Test result ranges are approximate and may differ slightly between labs depending on the methodology and laboratory guidelines. Talk to your doctor about your specific test results. Narrate your complete medical history to help the doctor correlate your clinical and laboratory findings. The test results will help them determine your medical condition, make recommendations for lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise, decide whether or not medication will be required to manage your liver health and formulate your overall treatment plan.

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ElectrolytesElectrolytes are essential minerals found in the blood, tissues, urine, and other bodily fluids. They perform various vital functions and maintain the body's pH and fluid balance. The Serum Electrolytes test measures the levels of electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, and chloride, present in the blood.Sodium (Na+): It regulates fluid balance in the body. It also helps in nerve function and muscle contraction. Abnormal sodium levels can affect blood pressure and neurological function.Potassium (K+): It is critical for the proper functioning of muscle and nerve cells, as well as heart muscle cells, and the maintenance of fluid balance. Potassium imbalances can cause irregular heartbeat and weakness.Chloride (Cl-): It supports the balance of electrolytes and fluids, helps control blood pH levels, and aids in proper digestion. Kidney disease, dehydration, and some metabolic disturbances may result from abnormal levels of chloride.Doctors may recommend the Serum Electrolytes test if you experience symptoms suggestive of an electrolyte imbalance in your body. Symptoms may include extreme fatigue, weakness, difficulty in breathing, irregular heartbeat, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, muscle weakness, confusion, or seizures. This test is also used to monitor treatment response for high blood pressure. Furthermore, it can be done as a follow-up test if you are undergoing dialysis.Usually, no special preparation is required for an electrolyte test. Eat and drink as per your daily routine. It is important to inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, as some may affect test results.Test result ranges may vary slightly across laboratories. Speak with your doctor to understand what your result means. Based on the findings, they may recommend lifestyle changes or medications to manage your health.

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HbA1cThe HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin) test measures the average blood sugar levels over a period of 2 to 3 months. It is used to diagnose diabetes and to monitor those undergoing treatment. It is often done as part of routine health checkups.Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects the body's processing of blood sugar, thereby increasing blood sugar levels. Some individuals might not ever experience signs and symptoms of this condition, while the common signs and symptoms will include the following:Being thirsty oftenExcessive urinationBlurring of visionWeaknessSlow healing of wounds, etc.Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen into various parts of the body. When glucose (sugar) molecules in the bloodstream attach to hemoglobin, a process called glycation takes place, which essentially forms glycosylated hemoglobin, or HbA1c.The HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin) test gives an overall picture of your long-term blood sugar control. Thus, it is an important test for screening and diagnosing prediabetes and diabetes. Once an individual is diagnosed, it helps in monitoring the control of the disease, so that they can undergo timely interventions to prevent or delay the onset of complications such as nerve damage, kidney disease, and vision problems.The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends keeping HbA1c levels below 7% to prevent the development of complications. Different goals may be set for specific individuals depending on age, duration of diabetes, and any other medical conditions present.No special preparations are required for this test. Eat and drink as per your routine. However, inform your doctor about all the current medications or any underlying health conditions to ensure accurate interpretation of your test results.HbA1c test result ranges may vary across the laboratories depending on the methodology and laboratory guidelines. Do not self-medicate. Always consult your doctor to understand your test results correctly.

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Liver Function TestThe LFT (Liver Function Test) comprises a group of blood tests measuring the level of various liver enzymes and proteins. It helps assess the liver’s overall health, diagnose and monitor potential liver disease or damage, track the treatment response for known liver problems, and determine if dosage adjustments are needed for medicines that may affect the liver. LFT is often done as part of routine health checkups.Doctors may advise the LFT when there are symptoms such as:Yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes (jaundice)Chronic fatigueBelly painDark-colored urineFurthermore, risk factors such as excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, or a family history of liver disease may also warrant an LFT. Getting the LFT done regularly is recommended, regardless of the symptoms, as most individuals with liver disease do not show any symptoms in the early stages.

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